Breast Cancer
General Info
genotypes and survival study
http://www.hopewelltechnologieslimited.com/breast.html lots of alternative info - need to read all of it
study review re: stem cells resistant to chemo/rad.; HER2 mention
study - Herceptin resistance? and another using Herceptin for HER2 neg cancer
using Metformin in addtion to Herceptin
http://www.hopewelltechnologieslimited.com/breast.html lots of alternative info - need to read all of it
study review re: stem cells resistant to chemo/rad.; HER2 mention
study - Herceptin resistance? and another using Herceptin for HER2 neg cancer
using Metformin in addtion to Herceptin
Possible Causes
Stress
Stress raises adrenaline and cortisol. And those hormones are immunosuppressant. Cortisol tells your liver to dump sugar into your bloodstream to give you energy; that’s what that nervous energy is, stress energy. It’s because cortisol is dumping sugar into your bloodstream, but then it causes intense sugar cravings to replenish.
Stress raises adrenaline and cortisol. And those hormones are immunosuppressant. Cortisol tells your liver to dump sugar into your bloodstream to give you energy; that’s what that nervous energy is, stress energy. It’s because cortisol is dumping sugar into your bloodstream, but then it causes intense sugar cravings to replenish.
Paget's Disease
Rare skin cancer
Testing for Cancer
Markers
Markers: CA 27.29
If your CA 27.29 levels rise, it may indicate that your cancer is progressing or spreading. One version of this test is called the "Truquant BR Radioimmunoassay test." http://breastcancer.about.com/od/tumormarkers/f/ca27-29.htm
CA 27.29 is a mucus-containing protein that is produced by the MUC-1 gene. Breast cancer cells will shed copies of the CA 27.29 protein in to your bloodstream. During treatment , your levels of CA 27.29 may fall, indicating that your treatment is effectively killing the cancer. If your CA 27.29 levels rise, your cancer may be progressing and it may be necessary to adjust your treatments accordingly.
Unfortunately, the CA 27.29 test is not as reliable as we initially hoped it would be. In statistical terms, it is neither "specific" nor "sensitive" enough to accurately determine if metastasis has occurred. What does that mean? False positives and negatives.
In addition to having the CA 27.29 test, your oncologist may recommend that you have the CEA and CA 15-3 tumor marker tests done as well. Neither of these tests is highly sensitive or highly specific either. If you choose to have any of these tests done it should be with the knowledge that there is currently no test or scan that can reliably tell us whether a small number of breast cancer cells have gotten into, and have begun growing in, other parts of the body, and that the information you receive may not be accurate.
Some oncologists recommend that women have this test every three to six months with the hope that they will find metastasis early.
If your CA 27.29 levels rise, it may indicate that your cancer is progressing or spreading. One version of this test is called the "Truquant BR Radioimmunoassay test." http://breastcancer.about.com/od/tumormarkers/f/ca27-29.htm
CA 27.29 is a mucus-containing protein that is produced by the MUC-1 gene. Breast cancer cells will shed copies of the CA 27.29 protein in to your bloodstream. During treatment , your levels of CA 27.29 may fall, indicating that your treatment is effectively killing the cancer. If your CA 27.29 levels rise, your cancer may be progressing and it may be necessary to adjust your treatments accordingly.
Unfortunately, the CA 27.29 test is not as reliable as we initially hoped it would be. In statistical terms, it is neither "specific" nor "sensitive" enough to accurately determine if metastasis has occurred. What does that mean? False positives and negatives.
In addition to having the CA 27.29 test, your oncologist may recommend that you have the CEA and CA 15-3 tumor marker tests done as well. Neither of these tests is highly sensitive or highly specific either. If you choose to have any of these tests done it should be with the knowledge that there is currently no test or scan that can reliably tell us whether a small number of breast cancer cells have gotten into, and have begun growing in, other parts of the body, and that the information you receive may not be accurate.
Some oncologists recommend that women have this test every three to six months with the hope that they will find metastasis early.
- because anything under 40 is considered normal, you shouldn't worry if it's 20 one time and then 30 another time
- just because the test result is higher than 40 it doesn't mean your cancer has spread. Endometriosis, ovarian cysts, first-trimester pregnancy, benign breast disease, and kidney and liver disease are just some of the noncancerous conditions that can raise your CA 27.29 level.
DNA Blood Test
Capable of detecting tumor DNA circulating in the patient’s blood, the test successfully identified signs of relapse in 12 out of 15 patients, an average of 7.9 months before visible signs of the cancer appeared. Study
Implant - CTC Attractor
Sponge-like implant that can detect and trap circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the bloodstream and enable the early detection of metastatic disease. The 5mm biodegradable implant is inserted in either the abdominal fat or just under the skin. The porous material of the implant - used widely in various medical devices - is packed with a signalling molecule called CCL22, which attracts immune cells to accumulate around it and latch on.These immune cells then attract the CTCs. Study.
Causes
In his work The Metabolism of Tumours Warburg demonstrated that all forms of cancer are characterized by two basic conditions: acidosis and hypoxia (lack of oxygen). Lack of oxygen and acidosis are two sides of the same coin: where you have one, you have the other.” "All normal cells have an absolute requirement for oxygen, but cancer cells can live without oxygen - a rule without exception. Deprive a cell 35% of its oxygen for 48 hours and it may become cancerous."
the prime cause of cancer is the replacement of the respiration of oxygen in normal body cells by a fermentation of sugar. Warburg quote
In 1924, Warburg hypothesized that cancer, malignant growth, and tumor growth are caused by tumor cells mainly generating energy (as e.g. adenosine triphosphate / ATP) by nonoxidative breakdown of glucose (a process called glycolysis) and the subsequent recycling of the metabolite NADH back to its oxidized form, for reuse in the glycolytic cycle to complete the process (known as fermentation, or anaerobic respiration). This is in contrast to "healthy" cells, which mainly generate energy from oxidative breakdown ofpyruvate. Pyruvate is an end product of glycolysis, and is oxidized within the mitochondria. Hence, and according to Warburg, cancer should be interpreted as a mitochondrial dysfunction.
"Warburg effect" asserts that even when oxygen is plentiful, cancer cells continue to use glycolysis (a secondary system of producing energy, employed by normal cells only when oxygen is in short supply). This theory has long been dismissed by mainstream medicine, but it was brought back to the forefront by 2007 research into a simple, small molecule called dichloroacetate (DCA), now believed to hold great promise in the war on cancer.
dichloroacetate (DCA)
basics
The way to make a cancer cell unhappy is by suppressing PDK [an enzyme (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, or PDK) that acts as gatekeeper to regulate the flow of pyruvate into the mitochondria], forcing the cell to use glucose oxidation, instead of glycolysis.
mitochondria are the primary regulators of apoptosis
(When a cancer cell's mitochondria realize it's a cancer cell, it spontaneously kills itself. This is the reason chemotherapy and radiation result in such terrible side effects—your healthy cells actually die much more easily because of this self-destruct button.)
The reason cancer is so fast growing is that the mitochondria have beendeactivated, so the cells evade apoptosis, as well as being able to grow in the absence of oxygen (glycolysis)6. DCA reverses this.In effect, DCA directly causes cancer cell apoptosis
caffeine may radically increases the effects of DCA16
DCA suppresses PDK
downside to DCA
DCA is not a natural agent
added to the drinking water of laboratory mice, it causes liver cancer
used successfully in children with metabolic disorders, with no signs of toxic poisoning. But adults appear to suffer more adverse effects—especially peripheral neuropathy and encephalopathy
DCA seems to actually make some cancer cells stronger
still undergoing study in humans
the prime cause of cancer is the replacement of the respiration of oxygen in normal body cells by a fermentation of sugar. Warburg quote
In 1924, Warburg hypothesized that cancer, malignant growth, and tumor growth are caused by tumor cells mainly generating energy (as e.g. adenosine triphosphate / ATP) by nonoxidative breakdown of glucose (a process called glycolysis) and the subsequent recycling of the metabolite NADH back to its oxidized form, for reuse in the glycolytic cycle to complete the process (known as fermentation, or anaerobic respiration). This is in contrast to "healthy" cells, which mainly generate energy from oxidative breakdown ofpyruvate. Pyruvate is an end product of glycolysis, and is oxidized within the mitochondria. Hence, and according to Warburg, cancer should be interpreted as a mitochondrial dysfunction.
"Warburg effect" asserts that even when oxygen is plentiful, cancer cells continue to use glycolysis (a secondary system of producing energy, employed by normal cells only when oxygen is in short supply). This theory has long been dismissed by mainstream medicine, but it was brought back to the forefront by 2007 research into a simple, small molecule called dichloroacetate (DCA), now believed to hold great promise in the war on cancer.
dichloroacetate (DCA)
basics
- Glycolysis takes place in your cell's cytoplasm. It can occur without the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis is less efficient for normal cells, but it is acancer cell'spreferredmeans of energy metabolism, and it depends on the availability of sugar.
The way to make a cancer cell unhappy is by suppressing PDK [an enzyme (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, or PDK) that acts as gatekeeper to regulate the flow of pyruvate into the mitochondria], forcing the cell to use glucose oxidation, instead of glycolysis.
mitochondria are the primary regulators of apoptosis
(When a cancer cell's mitochondria realize it's a cancer cell, it spontaneously kills itself. This is the reason chemotherapy and radiation result in such terrible side effects—your healthy cells actually die much more easily because of this self-destruct button.)
The reason cancer is so fast growing is that the mitochondria have beendeactivated, so the cells evade apoptosis, as well as being able to grow in the absence of oxygen (glycolysis)6. DCA reverses this.In effect, DCA directly causes cancer cell apoptosis
caffeine may radically increases the effects of DCA16
DCA suppresses PDK
downside to DCA
DCA is not a natural agent
added to the drinking water of laboratory mice, it causes liver cancer
used successfully in children with metabolic disorders, with no signs of toxic poisoning. But adults appear to suffer more adverse effects—especially peripheral neuropathy and encephalopathy
DCA seems to actually make some cancer cells stronger
still undergoing study in humans